What does the process of ionization involve?

The process of ionization specifically involves the separation of atoms or molecules into positive and negative ions. This typically occurs when an atom or molecule gains or loses electrons, resulting in an imbalance in charge. When an atom loses one or more electrons, it becomes positively charged (a cation), and when it gains electrons, it becomes negatively charged (an anion). Ionization is fundamental in various fields, including chemistry and physics, as it is a critical step in processes such as electrical conduction, chemical reactions, and the formation of compounds.

The other choices pertain to different processes: converting energy into sound relates to sound wave generation; forming chemical bonds involves the attraction between atoms or molecules that results in new substances; and accelerating cellular metabolism pertains to biochemical processes within living organisms. These processes, while significant in their respective contexts, do not accurately represent the concept of ionization.